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Microbes have been used for hundreds of years to treat wastewater for organic compounds and nutrients. In recent years, selenium removal has been demonstrated as another constituent for which biological treatment is effective.

Removal of selenium from wastewater prior to discharge to lakes and rivers is of growing interest for the protection of aquatic life. Agricultural runoff, coal-fired power plant and mine-impacted wastewaters, along with other industrial effluent streams, are being treated to ever more stringent regulatory limits by federal, state and provincial environmental authorities.

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